The ship is an American pre-dreadnought battleship of the Connecticut class, though I don't know enough about said class to determine which ship within the class it is. The cage masts are obvious signs that this is an American ship, as no other major navy used them. The first way we can identify the class is to look at the funnels. The USN only built three classes of pre-dreadnought with three funnels; the Connecticuts, the Virginias and the Maines. There are also two armoured cruisers with three funnels, New York and Brooklyn. To tell which class it is, we look at the armament. All of these ships had two large turrets fore and aft. However, on the Virginias, these also had a second turret, containing a portion of the secondary armament, on top of them. As this ship doesn't have these, we can rule out this class. The Maines and New York did not have a secondary battery in turrets, so we can rule them out. Brooklyn only had four turrets, so she can be ruled out, as we can see six turrets. As a result, the Connecticut class is the only possibility.

If we go off the assumption that the picture does say "1909", then I am tentatively sure this is USS Vermont, BB-20.

It's not Minnesota or New Hampshire; when they got the mast refit, they only got ONE to start with. It wasn't until at least 1910 that they got their second cage mast.

A long study of NavSource pictures seem to indicate that only the Vermont had two rings painted on her center stack. The others had either two rings on the front or back stack, or just one ring on all three.

So, that's hardly the most solid of evidence to base my conclusion on, but given all that, it's at least leaning towards being USS Vermont.

(tip of the sailor's cap to /u/thefourthmaninaboat and /u/The_Chieftain_WG for narrowing the class down!)

I am nowhere near my Friedman, but she is one of the Connecticut class battleships, after the first round of refits. The "copyright" date has been driving me nuts because it seems to say 1904 which is impossible. The first ship (BB18) was not commissioned until 1906 (she was launched 1904, but only half-built). Somewhere in the late 1900s/early 1910s, the US Navy got into Lattice masts, which replaced the simple mono masts with which the ships were built. It would appear that if we can figure out which of the Connecticuts had been converted by end 1909 (presuming the copyright date is correct but just badly written), then you can help identify which specific ship she is. If you look closely, you may see a two digit number between 18 and 25 painted somewhere on her hull. That would also be a specific identifier.

Otherwise, someone with a magnifying glass is going to have to hunt for those minor detail differences which happen between ships of the same class.

If you cross-post to /r/WarshipPorn, somebody may be able to ID it further.