Curious what books published in 2016 and 2017 are worthwhile and noteworthy to be added to the sub’s wiki.
Do you mean the Ask Historians wiki? In general, adding books to the Japanese history section is something I really have been meaning to get around to.
But for new books specifically,
Last year's Samurai to Soldier, Remaking Military Service in Nineteenth-Century Japan by D. Colin Jaundrill is going to be a must-add. I haven't read it in full yet, just done the scan-through and read a few parts that particularly interested me.
Summary:
In Samurai to Soldier, D. Colin Jaundrill rewrites the military history of nineteenth-century Japan. In fifty years spanning the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji nation-state, conscripts supplanted warriors as Japan's principal arms-bearers. The most common version of this story suggests that the Meiji institution of compulsory military service was the foundation of Japan’s efforts to save itself from the imperial ambitions of the West and set the country on the path to great power status. Jaundrill argues, to the contrary, that the conscript army of the Meiji period was the culmination—and not the beginning—of a long process of experimentation with military organization and technology.
Jaundrill traces the radical changes to Japanese military institutions, as well as the on-field consequences of military reforms in his accounts of the Boshin War (1868–1869) and the Satsuma Rebellions of 1877. He shows how pre-1868 developments laid the foundations for the army that would secure Japan’s Asian empire.
Jaundrill's filled a huge void here with this book.
I haven't added it yet because it isn't technically released for a few days yet, but the Oxford Handbook of Southwest Archaeology is a massive compendium with contributions from basically every prominent archaeologist working in the Southwest right now. If you want to know about any topic in Southwest archaeology this book is going to be your first stop to get a summary of existing research.
As a second inclusion, I would also add a book I know /u/anthropology_nerd has been also quite keen on, Beyond Germs: Native Depopulation in the Americas. It was published in 2015, so it doesn't technically meet your criteria, but it is basically the most up-to-date book on the topic and so I think merits inclusion. It really deconstructs the simplistic narratives about demographic decline in the Americas by looking at all the social and biological factors, appropriately enough, beyond germs that impacted population changes - either directly, or by compounding the impact of introduced diseases.