I am going to take your question back to the roots of antisemitism in 19th century to give a clearer picture of anti-Jewish sentiment. MOst of my source material is drawn from 'The Pursuit of Power: Europe 1815-1914' by Richard Evans.

After the Napoleonic wars the great powers divided the polish lands between Russia, Prussia, and Austria, with the majority of what were to become Polish jews settled in Russia in an area called the Settlement of Pale. Throughout the early-mid-19th century Polish nationalism flared up in a series of revolutions, which in turn was brutally repressed by the Tsarist regimes in Russia. As a result of this, the Russians imposed Orthodox Christianity and the Russian language on the polish portion of the Russian empire, which in turn drove Polish nationalists, and peasants, into the arms of the Catholic church as a way of defining themselves in opposition to the Russian State.

By the turn of the 20th century the Russian government were carrying out regular pogroms on the Jews within the Settlement of Pale and other Jewish populations within Russia proper, which in turn caused a migration west, both to America and Eastern Europe. These Jews added to the settled Jews within the Polish provinces, as well as Pomerania and Eastern Prussia. This caused friction between Polish peasants, though this was low level compared to the anti-Russian sentiment that most Poles harbored in the run-up to World War One.

In the aftermath of the Versailles Treaty that settled World War One Poland became an independent nation, taking territory from Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia, including the cities of Krakow and Danzig, which would cause friction in the run-up to World War 2 when Germany demanded Danzig or war.

Another factor that came out of the 19th century was the notion of racial superiority and the idea of inferior races, which most Europeans subscribed to to a greater or lesser degree, with the Jewish people being seen as a 'lesser' race that both the Slavs and the Aryian 'peoples'. This was conflated by the Polish government of the iner-war period with notions of survival and anti-Communist sentiment (the idea being that the Communist revolution was caused by a Jewish cadre in Russia). The Polish government of this period was right wing, almost Fascistic in outlook, with its prime goal of staving off invasion from one or both of its larger neighbors. In this light Jews were scap-goated for larger fears experienced by the Slavic Poles, who entwined the Catholic and Darwinistic ideas into a febrile antisemitism that provoked the sort of reaction you see in Shindler's List.

It also must be remembered that the Germans did everything in their power to de-humanise the Jews in all their occupied territory, blaming them for all the ills apparent in society.

This post lightly touches on the heady brew of nationalism, social Darwinism, and revanchism that was at the heart of the Polish mindset from the mid-19th century onwards. If you would like to read further, especially as it gives a great deal of context to your question, The Pursuit of Power... is worth a read.