Do we know anything about the details of Napoleons plans for Europe after a potential victory? How did he imagine the borders and politics would change?
Hey there, I'm currently reading 'Napoleon; A Life' by Andrew Roberts (which I totally recommend), and here's what I can find to answer your question.
According to Roberts, Napoleon once claimed "there must be a superior power which dominates all the other powers, with enough authority to force them to live in harmony with one another - and France is best placed for this purpose" (pg 527). Napoleon clearly saw his personal empire at the center of European affairs, and sought to extend his control to the Low Countries, Germany, Italy/Naples, and Iberia, while also persuing alliances with Prussia, Austria (through marriage), and Russia. In the diplomatic sense, French hegimony over Europe was his end goal.
You asked about borders specifically. In 1812, the extent of his empire, saw the French empire with annexations of the Low Countries, Swedish Pomerania, Oldenburg, and Austrian Adriatic holdings. His brothers sat on the thrones of Spain (though Joseph hardly spent much time governing as he was busy blundering a guérilla war with the Spanish), the Confederation of the Rhine, and Naples, and he had alliances with Prussia and Austria. Poland remained a big question, as Napoleon has established the duchy of Warsaw leading to Russian and Prussian fears of the return of Poland. Though Napoleon had no intention of re establishing Poland, the issue was still an important factor in the impending war with Russia.
Economically, the goal of this European hegemony was the continental system, essenatially a blockade of Britain by refusing her trade with the continent. It required member nations to not trade outside of the continent. France, being the most populace and econemomally superior nation within the system, therefor dominated the continental economy. It's not clear if Napoleon intented this system to continue after peace had been established. It certainly did not work to force the capitulation of Britain, as many nations continued to have unofficial economic ties to Britain through smuggling (including napoleons brkther Luois, King of Holand, who Napoleon deposed and annexed his kingdom on accusations of putting the Dutch interests ahead of the French.$
"By 1810 he was moving towards a progressive unitary Empire with uniform laws based on the Napoleoninc code, enlightened secularism and religious toleration, equality before the law, and uniform weights, measures and currency" (pg 528). Napoleon, a follower of enlightened philosophies, truly believed that revolutionary and modern ideals could be spread through Europe by his Grande Armée. His secular Code Napoleon was the center of his new societal structure for Europe: a simplified, unified, secular code of laws to replace feudalism. It was implemented into all his conquered territories with adaptations made in each case to assure popularity. Roberts quotes a contemporary: 'the executive chain descends without interruption from the minister to the administered and transmits the law and the government's orders to the furthest ramification of the social order' (pg 529).
After his victory at Wagram and the end of the Fifth coalition, Napoleon believed he had achieved final victory and won the French hegimony he had been seeking and set about ruling his empire. However, this didn't last long. Tsar Alexander began acting against the continental system, his brothers were failing to properly govern conquered territory, the continental system was proving ineffective, his dynastic alliance with Austria proved ineffective at preventing conflict, and Spain remained an 'ulcer' in the side of his empire. His ambitious end game of European dominance and social modernization proved to over extend the empire, and Naploeon's numerous mistakes led to its downfall.
(I hope this helps. I'm writing this on my phone on a bus on my way to school so please excuse what I can only imagine are countless grammatical errors.)