I am not sure if you want to find a general book about all the different political schools, but if you are looking for a book specifically dealing with the various rights I suggest René Rémond's The Right Wing in France: From 1815 to De Gaulle. It goes beyond what you are asking as it deals with the first half of the 20th century as well, but it is a very good introduction to the different rights, including the three major royalist factions that dominated the right spectrum for a good part of the 19th century.

The book is getting a bit old (written in the mid-1960s if I remember) yet the late Rémond's works are still very much used and a must-read for all university students in France (other readers as well) concerned with the politics thoughts of the 19th century. The Right Wing in France is his only book translated into English I think, but if some of his work also exist in English then they should also be a good introduction to the subject.