I believe that's the settlement of Santa Fe, established around 1610 by Pedro de Peralta. It succeeded the earlier provincial capital of San Gabriel, situated about 25 miles north at Ohkay Owingeh. The provincial administration in Mexico city considered this earlier capital too remote and indefensible, so Don Pedro was sent to designate a new capital, which he did along the Santa Fe river. Ironically, the old and remote capital is now being encroached by the metro limits of modern Santa Fe.

Anyway, early settlers would have been primarily soldiers and colonial authorities, with some Mexican or Indian servants. Missionaries largely lived near the Pueblos they were trying to convert, away from the city itself.