Well, let me just say to start that there are probably better places to go in Bosnia itself for this sort of information than Reddit. I would not consider myself an expert on the conflict, but my research did touch on it enough that I had to develop an understanding of its general outline. So, here's an admittedly brief summary of a complex war.

In 1991, the ethnically fractious Yugoslavia dissolved as a political entity. For a long time prior to its dissolution, the various ethnic groups within the Yugoslavian government had been pushing for very different political goals. The Serbs were pushing for increased centralization of authority (under Serb control) whereas the Croats and the Slovenes were pushing for more and more decentralization. Eventually, this boiled over when two of its six republics, Croatia and Slovenia, declared independence in June, 1991. Macedonia followed in January of the next year. On the heels of these declarations, Montenegro and Serbia made moves to reestablish a new, Serb-dominated "Yugoslavia", finalizing their agreement on April 27th, 1992.

The only republic that questioned its next move was the ethnically diverse Bosnia-Herzegovina. Of the six republics, only Bosnia-Herzegovina lacked a clear ethnic majority. It possessed three main ethnic groups: Bosniak Muslims, Orthodox Serbs and Catholic Croats. The three groups were bitterly divided on the course that the republic should take. The Serbs within Bosnia wanted to remain part of Yugoslavia, but the Muslims and Croats wanted to push for independence. In a February 1992 referendum, the Bosnian people voted for independence from Yugoslavia. A month later, the Bosnian Serbs, who had refused to participate in the vote, created their own political entity, the Republica Srpska, and immediately attacked the Bosnian Muslim government in an attempt to take control of the country. Bosnia quickly dissolved into a three-way civil war punctuated with extensive ethnic cleansing on all sides, though the Serbs in particular committed the lion's share of war crimes. An United Nations Peacekeeping Operation, UNPROFOR, which had initially deployed to Croatia (in the midst of its own war for independence against the newly reformed Yugoslavia and its own separatist Serb government), quickly expanded its mandate to cover Bosnia as well. The government of Republica Srpska found itself tacitly supported by both the Yugoslavian government and Russia. Similarly, the Bosniak Muslims saw a surge of foreign fighters making up what became known as the Bosnian Mujahideen. The hallmark battle of the war, the Siege of Sarajevo, the Bosniak Muslim capitol, was initiated in 1992 and would go on for over three years (the entirety of the war). The Siege received major international coverage, even more so when peacekeepers began wading into fighting. Some of the most iconic images of the war, such as the Romeo and Juliet Bridge and Sniper's Alley, come from the siege.

An attempted peace plan in 1993 failed and, as war crimes continued unabated, the UN requested that NATO begin limited airstrikes in support of peacekeeping forces in early 1994, primarily directed at Republica Srpska heavy weapons and military assets. In July 1995, Serb forces massacred nearly 8,000 Muslim men under the protection of Dutch UNPROFOR forces in the safe-zone of Srebrenica, pushing a NATO-led Multinational Force into deploying to the region to attempt to reassert stability and prevent further crimes against humanity. Operation Deliberate Force, a bombing campaign against Republica Srpska military targets, began shortly thereafter. As Deliberate Force began to stall Republica Srpska forces in Bosnia, the surging Croatian military forces launched Operation Storm in August 1995, which decisively ended fighting in the Croatian War of Independence and placed Croatia in a position to dramatically tip the balance of power in the Bosnian War in favor of the Bosnian government rather that the Republica Srpska. Hammered on all fronts, the Bosnian Serbs agreed to negotiate peace. After lengthy negotiations among the US, EU, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnian Serbs, and Bosnian Muslims, an agreement for Bosnian independence was reached in late 1995. The Dayton Agreement ended nearly three years of conflict, establishing a government and clear political divisions for the state of Bosnia-Herzegovina. It also ensured that a variety of international organizations would be on hand to monitor progress within Bosnia and ensured that it was able to move towards a more prosperous statehood without any further significant violence. All together, the wars in Bosnia and neighboring Croatia resulted in the loss of over 200,000 lives and displaced one million people.

Sources

R. J. Crampton, The Balkans since the Second World War, London: Longman, 2002

Cees Wiebes, Intelligence and the War in Bosnia, 1992-1995, Netherlands Institute For War Documentation, 2003.