A medieval city is "sacked". What is actually happening?

by Niwirai

Would it have been the stereotypical "raping and pillaging"? Was it more about securing victory in the battle? I've always been a bit confused by what a sack actually is.

IronMyrs

Follow-up question: Was there ever a point where "sacking" was standardized? Where, for example, we could be told that a city was sacked and be reasonably confident that the children or certain structures in the city survived or some similar threshold was not crossed?

Additionally, I'm curious how cities could be rebuilt after being sacked. Presumably any remaining stores of food or supplies would be looted, so how could infrastructure be rebooted from scratch? Would people just claim vacated homes and set up shop? Were there coordinated resettlement efforts?

IronMyrs

Follow-up question: Was there ever a point where "sacking" was standardized? Where, for example, we could be told that a city was sacked and be reasonably confident that the children or certain structures in the city survived or some similar threshold was not crossed?

Additionally, I'm curious how cities could be rebuilt after being sacked. Presumably any remaining stores of food or supplies would be looted, so how could infrastructure be rebooted from scratch? Would people just claim vacated homes and set up shop? Were there coordinated resettlement efforts?