I met someone called SipahiWarrior123 on a German history forum, he has proven himself particularly by a display of profound knowledge on archeology of America as well as culture and mythology of Native Americans. Despite his expertise, he sometimes makes some doubtable claims, like the origin of the Native Americans from shipwrecked Turks, could you give evidence for or against the following claims or put them in a historical context.
1.) Knighthood originated from Islamic countries.
2.) There was technology inside the watches made by Muslims, which are being used in modern aviation and space travel.
3.) The ship type in which Columbus sailed to the Americas was adopted by the Spanish from an Arabic vessel.
4.) When black powder was adopted from the Chinese, it had no much use for firearms. It was not until Muslims developed 27 of the 29 different black powder types and therefore improved it, that it could be applied for military purpose.
5.) Although the irrigation systems of the Muslims were hundreds of years old, they were technologically modern until the 20th century.
6.) Muslims invented torpedoes.
7.) The Muslims invented siege weapons, comparable to modern tanks, wherein they were safe from stones, arrows and flammable pitch.
8.) The Osman had the best artillery.
9.) The impact of the Osman cannon balls are comparable to the impact of modern 120mm tank cannon, even though weighting only 1-3 Kg.
10.) At the time of the besiege of Constantinopel, the Muslim Osman had the biggest cannon ever built, it could fire a cannon ball of 600 Kg weight.
11.) The Muslims were leading in Medicine, while the Christian Europeans only got from them medical books which have been already outdated for 800 years.
12.) It has been discovered, that Galileo and DaVinci didn't invent anything themselves, they only translated the Muslim sources containing the technologies wrongly claimed by them.
13.) At the time of peace negotiations between the Muslims and Europeans, a science centre was built in Sicily where the Muslims shared their knowledge, but the Church considered it devil's work.
14.) The tolerance of the Osman empire was the reason for its demise. They allowed non-muslims to take political posts and replaced the original muslim Sipahi with the mainly non-muslim Janitshars. This led to the undercut of the power and the Sultan became nothing but a Marionette of the Non-believers and therefore the Osman empire declined.
That's a lot of points, but I hope some of you can share their knowledge to give evidence for or against some of the claims or but them into a bigger context.
That last point is eerily similar to arguments that Hitler and the Nazi party alleged about the Jews and other foreign nationalities. In particular, Hitler, in his book Mien Kampf, argued that Jews were taking high positions in government and society, blaming them for weakening in government power, replacing "true German culture and arts" with meaningless drivel and creations, and even weakening the moral fiber of Austria and Germany.
The rant in mention will be closer to the end of the chapter and its undoubtedly of the same vein and should provide ample context about his other assertions about Osman culture and technology.
Also, on point 9, he is claiming that the Turks could fire a 1-3 kg projectile with the same striking power as a 10 kg DU penetrator traveling 1555 m/s. That would be one hell of a spicy cannonball.