How did women protect themselves from attackers in the early 19th century and earlier?

by MartyUtah

Hello! I am designing a party game about dukes and duchesses plotting their spousal murders, and I am curious about the methods in which a women of the Victorian era, so I guess the mid-19th century, would protect herself. Like today, there are not many women I know who do not leave the house without pepper spray on their chain or a taser in their purse. Technically this question is specifically about self-protection during the Victorian period, but all answers are welcome! Thank you. I think the simple answer would be a knife like a small dagger or a letter opener, but maybe not!

WARitter

We have approved this, but despite the note in the OP we ask that all answers stick to the general period and region specified as per our rules