I think you're a little confused as to when Socialism and Communism were fleshed out as an ideology.

Although anti-authoritarianism is a recurring theme in many violent uprisings, and concepts like communal ownership and egalitarianism have been recurring themes in many philosophical works, you can't really speak of communism existing as a concept until Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels began publishing their works in the mid-19th century examining the relationship between workers and owners of capital. These writings are very specific to industrial society, and it is only after their publication that revolutionary leaders in the communist mold begin appearing.