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I would start with David Birmingham, The Decolonization of Africa, for an overview. The reasons for decolonization are still a subject of some debate (there's a lot of reasons, and the debate is generally over how much weight to give to different ones); and there's also variation across the in both the reasons for decolonization and the process it followed. For the French Empire in sub-Saharan Africa, Fred Cooper's work is excellent.