Can anyone point me to a primary source for the legend of Stingy Jack, a.k.a. Jack'o'Lantern?

by Puzzlem00n

With Halloween coming up, I've taken a writer's interest in the Irish folktale of Stingy Jack, who tricked the Devil and was thereafter cursed to enter neither Heaven nor Hell. There are many articles about the legend around the web, but most point to this cursory article on history.com, which doesn't cite any sources.

So, as the title says, does anyone know of a primary source I could read, such as a transcription of an oral telling? Thanks in advance!

mikedash

I'd say there are very substantial doubts that this really is an old Irish tale, at least insofar as it involves a character named "Stingy Jack".

Irish folklore is a pretty well studied subject and there are any number of important published collections, several of which date to early in the 19th century, when it was still possible to do fieldwork that involved speaking to people for whom the lore was very much alive. The main collections of this sort include Thomas Crofton Croker's Fairy Legends and Traditions from the South of Ireland (1826-8), O'Hanlon's Irish Folk Lore (1870) and Wilde's Irish Popular Superstititons (1852). The University of Pittsburgh hosts a more complete list here.

Nonetheless, none of these works includes any mention of a character named "Stingy Jack," and the earliest version of the story you are interested in that I have been able to track down appeared as recently as 1992..

In addition, Google's handy Ngram Viewer reveals zero mentions of the term "Stingy Jack", which is not at all what one would expect to find if this really was a well known tale.

Note that Donald Dossey does't use the term "Stingy Jack", instead talking of a hero named Jack who is stingy; perhaps this suggests how the modern term has come into existence. That is, the story itself may well exist in old collections, but with a hero who has another name.