the part austria annexed (kingdom of galicia-lodomeria) would give you the greatest amount of autonomy when compared with the prussian and russian parts. austria significantly reduced its grip on galicia-lodomeria, even granting it a high degree of autonomy after transforming into the dual monarchy. the titular kingdom was dominated by polish culture, the old polish aristocracy, and fairly stable if compared to the germanization policies in prussia and autocratic russian rule in congress poland. in the latter half of the 19th century an austrian pole would arguably have less problems with the austrians than with his ruthenian neighbours (~40% of the population) who started to feel oppressed by poles in galicia-lodomeria and started their transformation into the modern ukrainian nation.