Looking for recommended reading on Opium Wars/Taiping Rebellion.

by NathanielWeber

Hello r/AskHistorians,

I'm a history student in college and am currently working on a semester project focusing on my chosen topic of the Opium Wars. I have been reading Peter Ward Fay's The Opium War, 1840-1842 which is useful but seems to mostly center around Western perspectives. In particular I am looking for more primary sources from Chinese perspectives. Any direction you guys can provide would be immensely appreciated.

wotan_weevil

Of the three big popular histories (Fay; Jack Beeching, The Chinese Opium Wars, Mariner 1977; Julia Lovell, The Opium War, Overlook 2015), Lovell has the best coverage of the Chinese perspective, and makes the most use of Chinese sources.

For a new history from the Chinese perspective, Haijian Mao, The Qing Empire and the Opium War: The Collapse of the Heavenly Dynasty, Cambridge U.P. 2016. (I've not read this, but it looks like it might be of interest to you.)

For Chinese primary sources, in English translation, try Arthur Waley, The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes, Stanford U.P. 1958.

For the Taiping Rebellion:

For Chinese sources:

Cheng, J. (1963). Chinese sources for the Taiping Rebellion, 1850-1864. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

Michael, & Zhang. (1966). The Taiping rebellion: History and documents. Seattle: University of Washington Press. [3 vols]

For the Taiping Rebellion from the Taiping perspective: Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Norton 1996.

dandan_noodles

I highly recommend Stephen Platt's Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War as a highly readable, but academically robust telling of the endgame of the Taiping Civil War, from ~1860-1864. He also covers the contemporaneous 2nd Opium War.

I also recommend Tobie Meyer-Fong's What Remains: Coming to Terms with Civil War in Mid-Nineteenth Century China, which is more of a social history of how people understood or failed to understand the catastrophe around them, the hard choices they made, and the terrible suffering unleashed by the deadliest civil war in human history.

EnclavedMicrostate

Thomas H. Reilly's The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: Rebellion and the Blasphemy of Empire is an interesting perspective on the religion of the Taiping. It's a bit divisive, admittedly. Before reading the book itself I read four or five reviews, and I remember two or three of them being generally positive, one was positive with reservations and one basically accused it of being a polemic. It's still quite distinctive in its thought and I have found my views on the Taiping influenced by it somewhat, even if I don't agree with its conclusions entirely.

I'm not sure if Cheng's source collection would be too useful given that Michael and Zhang's collection is probably more comprehensive, although I must admit that I'm still waiting for my copy in the post and so I don't know if it also contains Qing documents, which Cheng includes.

Also, Jian Youwen (also rendered as Jen Yu-wen) wrote what is still considered to be the narrative history of the Taiping, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement, in 1973. I haven't got a copy – even used editions sell for over $95 USD on Amazon – but your library might. A reference to it in Reilly makes me suspect that it does have quite an opinionated angle, Jian having been a devout Christian who supported the Christianisation of China, as well as having been an official and legislator in the Nationalist government before returning to academics in the late 40s. Still probably worth looking into.

EDIT: One I forgot is Augustus Lindley's Ti Ping Tien Kwoh: or the History of the Taiping Revolution, published 1866 and available both in reprints and as a free version online. Lindley was a British sailor who joined the Taiping along with his Portuguese wife, but left due to her death before the fall of Nanjing, and so was able to write about his experiences and give an account of the rebellion after returning to Britain. Lindley obviously had a massive agenda – he reviled 'Chinese' Gordon and dedicated his book to Li Xiucheng, the Loyal King, who (unbeknownst to Lindley at the time) was executed after Nanjing was retaken by the Qing. However, Lindley's account does give a good impression of what a foreigner in Taiping service would have seen, and illustrates the sense of buyers' regret that many in Britain had about the Taiping after the rebellion had ended. Gordon had actually resigned in November 1863, seven months before Zeng Guofan retook Nanjing, because the junior Taiping leaders in Suzhou had promised him that they would betray their commander and surrender on the condition that they would be spared, but after doing so Gordon's Qing superior, Li Hongzhang, had them slaughtered and dismembered. Reports of the event caused mass outrage in Britain and led then-PM Palmerston to immediately backtrack on his interventionist policy, far too late to have any effect.