We know there was a "No retreat" policy in the USSR during WW2. Was retreating handled differently throughout history? If a soldier escaped a field of battle (without deserting) what happened to him?

by Andrestor93
parabol-a

Expanding upon this a bit, across the different ranks of soldiers and officers, to what extent was the decision to order or simply execute retreat allowed?

To clarify, what exactly would count as "retreat"?