Although I can't predict what your instructor wants, one good place to start might be The Viking Age: A Reader. This is a collection of primary sources, and with a quick skim, you can find the particular subject matter that interests you. If you're interested in France, you can skip right to Carolingian Chronicles, or for England, any edition of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle will do. You might also be interested in Two Lives of Charlemagne or Alfred the Great; I strongly recommend these Penguin editions, as well as their introductions.

Once you settle on that, you can search your library catalog, and I'd recommend looking especially carefully at articles from databases like JSTOR, to see what scholars are saying about these things. Most university libraries have staff members (paid from your tuition) who can help you learn how to identify relevant materials, often on a walk-in basis. That will guide you to a source-based scholarly debate that should fall in your interests. Then it's just a matter of forming your own opinions on the matter and arguing them in a deliberate, organized manner.

Alternatively, you can seek out a debate or subject area from one of the many surveys of the Viking Age. Given the very broad research interests you've indicated, it sounds like this has been your approach thus far. I think the Oxford Illustrated History is good for pointing toward narrower research problems, as is Else Roesdahl's somewhat dated The Vikings. These or similar texts can help you identify an area of interest, after which you'll likely need to identify the primary sources under consideration, and then what's at stake in the scholarly debates.

For me, this is often a very frustrating process, which is why I prefer to begin with the sources themselves. Moreover, it's easy to fall into historiographic debates—such as "How should we define Vikings (or ethnicity, or trade, or emporia, or anything) for modern research purposes?" This kind of question is highly important for the work of historians, but it might not be what your instructor is looking for.

But above all, I'd recommend talking to your instructor. Professors often use grades to communicate with students, and a disappointing grade is often the only way a professor can telegraph: "Come see me!!!" If you're lost in the sauce and neither of the above methods resonates with the guidance you've received in class, set up a meeting during office hours asap. Note that most professors (in my experience) tend to limit student meetings to about 15 minutes.

Otherwise, pick your area of interest and start to develop your plan. As intermediary steps, I'd recommend building a short annotated bibliography—full citation information for a handful of primary and secondary sources, followed by a few sentences summarizing what they're about—and perhaps a rough outline. Once you're in a competent place to discuss your topic and the direction you want to take it, then set up office hours to discuss these things. You can email anything you've already got prepared, and I'd recommend bringing two printouts as well—one for your instructor, and one for you to jot comments on as the instructor reads through it.

Hello there. Your question seems to be related to school work, so we just want to remind you, and any potential respondents, that our rules DO permit people to ask for help with their homework, so long as they are seeking clarification or resources, rather than the answer itself. This policy is further explained in this META Thread.

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