Yes, but not as a profession, as far as I am aware. You had the Greek symposium where a bunch of men got together and had lively discussions on politics, philosophy, poetry etc. and would often criticize the works of whoever was the topic of conversation. You can see this type of banter within Plato’s Symposium .

Also, when we look at The Death of Socrates we see that, in a way, the Athenian state was the ultimate critic of anything produced within its boarders. The state did not like the philosophy Socrates was teaching so they gave him the option to leave or commit suicide.