Yes. Napoleon after his abdication in 1814, he became the sovereign of Elba. The Treaty of Fontainebleau stipulated he could keep the title of Emperor and rule over Elba as his domain. He was the ruler of the small Mediterranean island and he set about trying to modernize the island. Napoleon's burst of activity ruling the island, he usually began at around four in the morning, replicated the Empire in miniature. He modernized the island's infrastructure, shored up its defenses, and received numerous visitors wishing to see the former Emperor of the French.

This burst of activity was likely a coping mechanism for his loss of power. The Elba exile was not Napoleon's choice; the island was a "gift" by the Russian Emperor Alexander I to compensate Napoleon for his abdication. Being the island's sovereign meant he also had to abide by the terms of Fontainebleau which restricted his movements off the island. Neither the British, the Austrians, nor the Bourbons really approved of the Elba exile but relented to placate the tsar. The deal Alexander I worked out also required the Bourbons to pay a large stipend for Napoleon. Louis XVIII, who had no role in the Treaty of Fontainebleau negotiations, withheld Napoleon's pension. This was one of several reasons why Napoleon fled the island to return to France. He never really wanted to rule over a gilded cage and there were troubling signs on the horizon that the Bourbons could simply cart him off to a more ignominious location, or worse, he would be a forgotten ruler of a backwater island forced to beg for funds from a country he used to rule.