I'll take a crack at this question, although I'll be answering this by giving some background on the exchange of religious and philosophical ideas around the 300's BCE and not by answering the question directly.
While there is a small possibility that Socrates, Plato or Aristotle could have encountered some of the Old Testament stories, it seems very unlikely to have happened. IF any of these three did know any of the stories, it most likely would have been Aristotle considering he was alive (384-322) when ancient Palestine was conquered by Alexander the Great (332). The reason I say it's possible, is because there was a mixing of beliefs during Alexanders' conquest of the Persian empire;
"(on Alexander's conquest of the Indian and Iranian world, and the migration of Greeks into these territory) Some Greeks adopted local religions, such as the Seleucid ruler Antialcidas's ambassador Heliodoros, who erected a pillar to Vishnu at Besnagar. Although evidence of widespread conversion in either direction is lacking, religious ideas must have been exchanged on some level with the Iranian and Indian populations of those areas. Greeks in Asia, as elsewhere, attempted to identify local deities as corresponding to their own." - Richard Foltz, Religions of the Silk Road.
For context, the main modes of sharing ideas from one region to another were established trade routes. So, while there is a good amount of evidence showing the spread of religious beliefs along the silk road, what might be worth looking into is whether or not there existed any strong trade routes between Athens and the southern Levant. If so, then it's more likely that the Greek philosophers could have encountered the OT stories, but if there was no strong trade route linking the two cultures, then it seems very unlikely.
Perhaps with further research one might be able to find connections between the Israelite or Canaan world with that of Ancient Greece, and thus connecting the stories of the Old Testament with Aristotle, Plato or Socrates, but unfortunately I couldn't find any such connection with my limited research. You might also look into similarities between the Old Testament stories and the works of Plato and Aristotle, and see if scholars have identified any possible connections within the works themselves. Having read a decent amount of Plato and Aristotle, I can't say I've seen any influences of the Old Testament on their works, but I very well could be wrong.
If you're interested, I highly recommend reading Religions of the Silk Road for more information on the spread of philosophy and religions in Eurasia, and the Silk Road by Xinru Liu for more information on the spread of ideas and wealth along the silk road, as these could give you some context of the era and possibly feed your curiosity as to what beliefs the ancient Greeks had access to.
Edit: Grammatical corrections.
I am uncertain about the reliability of the following sources (my apologies if this violates the subreddit's rules).
There exists a claim by Josephus (Jewish historian around the destruction of the Temple) that the Jews showed the Book of Daniel to Alexander the Great.
" And when he had said this to Parmenio, and had given the High Priest his right hand, the priests ran along by him; and he came into the city. (31) And when he went up into the temple, he offered sacrifice to God, according to the High Priest’s direction: and magnificently treated both the High Priest, and the priests. And when the book of Daniel was shewed him, (32) wherein Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended. And as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present: but the next day he called them to him, and bid them ask what favours they pleased of him."
Antiquities 11, chapter 8, quoted from (http://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-11.html). If you ctrl+f for Daniel in that link, it will take you there. As far as I know, Josephus' Antiquities is the only record of this claim. JewishEncyclopedia (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1120-alexander-the-great) only cites Josephus for this.
In the next book of Antiquities (Book XII, chapter 2), Josephus claims that it was under King Ptolemy Philadelphus (after Alexander) that Jews were first taken to Alexandria to translate the Jewish Scriptures into Greek.
Since the translation started after the death of Alexander, it seems extremely unlikely that any of the three would have read any of the Old Testament. (Note: I realize you asked about known the stories rather than read them).
Dating the Book of Daniel is tricky. The actual plot takes place during the Babylonian exile; however, it refers to events that took place after Alexander conquered Persia. As a consequence, it is typically dated later (/r/academicbiblical might be able to point to sources on when).
Note: I cited JewishEncyclopedia only to point out lack of additional sources for the story.