In short, yes. Germany was broadly divided between Protestants in the North and Catholics in the South, as the states which made up the South, such as Bavaria, had remained Catholic or reverted to Catholicism through the reformation. Although Bismarck attempted to crack down on Catholicism in Germany during the 1870s he failed to make any major impact and the repression actually led to the foundation of a centre-right party to represent Catholic concerns, called the Centre Party (or Zentrumspartei). Sixty years later the party was still going strong, and participated in many of the coalition governments of the Weimar Republic. Their main electoral heartlands were naturally in the South, where Catholicism was strongest, and their number of Reichstag Deputies actually stayed roughly the same during the rise of the NSDAP. Most of Hitler's votes came from the other minor parties such as the German People's Party, German Democratic Party and German National People's Party, who suffered heavy losses while the NSDAP gained. The traditional support bases of the Communists and Centre Party (and to a lesser extent the SPD, who while losing many seats were not wiped out) were less affected. This has been attributed to the fact that these parties represented a certain demographic group, which saw little reason to change allegiance. Indeed, you can see in the second map on this page that the NSDAP were far more successful in the Protestant north than the Catholic south. The standard warning about generalisations is applicable here - not all Catholics voted for the Centre Party and not all Protestants supported Hitler or voted against the Centre Party. Nonetheless, the NSDAP were greatly more popular amongst Protestants than Catholics.

The Holocaust Museum has a good overview of religion in the Nazi state.

Here's an article reviewing some histories of the Centre Party which can help you find more to read about them.

For a look at the average NSDAP voter then search for Stephen Fritz's article: "The NSDAP as Volkspartei? A Look at the Social Basis of the Nazi Voter"

For a good broad overview of the Weimar Republic and its fall, I'd recommend Colin Storer's 'A Short History of Weimar Germany'