In the 19th century, what did "metalled roads" refer to precisely?

by mort-aux-rois
CChippy

One meaning of the word "metal" is anything obtained by mining or quarrying. We still use the word to mean quarried stone for instance "blue-metal" meaning the coarse gravelled granite used as ballast for railway tracks. A metalled road is one which has been improved by having gravel laid over the surface.