First, let me clarify here - in your title, you mention "the entire population count", but you later qualify it as "absolute majority of the potential votes". Therefore, I'm assuming you mean an absolute majority of eligible voters, not total population (which would include children, slaves, etc.). However, even with that in mind, I can say with virtual certainty that no president has won an absolute majority of potential votes. Voter turnout levels simply don't allow for this to happen.

The American Presidency Project has captured estimated voter turnout since 1828. If you look, you'll see that turnout percentage was generally in the 70s during the 1800s and has only occasionally approached 60% since 1900. At the highest levels ever (81% in the hotly contested elections of 1860 and 1876), a candidate would mathematically have to collect more than 61% of voters who cast ballots - a margin of 22% over the next candidate, or more if third-party candidates receive any votes (also common in the 1800s). A margin of 22% or more has only ever occurred five times since 1828, all in the 20th century and never with anything approaching even 65%, let alone 80%. Without going through the math on every election, I would be hard pressed to find an election where the winner won even 40% of potential voters.

In case you're wondering, while eligible voter turnout levels from before 1828 aren't available (or at least I've never seen them, and I studied this period), the answer is unlikely to change. When George Washington won reelection in 1792 with a unanimous electoral college, it's estimated that less than 1% of the total population voted.

Taking this one more step, if you'll forgive the less-than-scholarly source (but it conveniently has all the numbers in one place): if you want to back up and change the parameters so you're looking for presidents who won without an absolute majority of votes cast, regardless of turnout, then look at this chart. Under Popular Vote, I recommend sorting by %. You'll see that that's happened 19 times in available recorded history, so not exactly uncommon.