I don’t study religious history in Peru at all, nor do I study the seventeenth century, but I do know a fair amount about colonial documents--probably more than most Redditors. Simply put, these are the profession documents of a Mercedarian order monastery in Lima from the 1650s. They are in the basic form of the Mercedarian professions that I have seen in Mexico. In addition to the comments made by /u/aeterna22, some of the drawings are of the Mercedarian coat of arms. After reading through the volume twice, it does not appear that the name of the specific convent or monastery is listed other than convento grande de Lima, so I am assuming it is the main Mercedarian convent in Lima (or one closely related to it) until something proves that it is not.

Some basic things about colonial documents: Clearly, the volume is very old. You will need to be very careful with this. You need to store it is a relatively cool, dry place to keep it from getting moldy. It must be protected from other critters who would love to eat it (mice, bookworms, bugs, your kitty, etc). When handling the document, turn the pages very very slowly and try to support the pages as you turn them to keep from ripping them. Never move a page more than it is willing to go. If you undo a fold to look at something, put the fold back when you’re done. Most archivists in the United States DO NOT recommend using gloves when handling these documents because you are more likely to cause damage to a page because of your loss of dexterity while wearing gloves than you are to cause damage with the oils on your hands. When handling it, wash your hands thoroughly. Avoid touching anywhere on the page except the very very edge. You also want to avoid breaking the binding of the book. Make sure you use pillows or wedge shaped items under the covers to keep it supported. Again, just do everything very slowly and carefully. This thing is hundreds of years old. You don’t want to be the one who ruins it causing the records of these peoples’ lives to be lost forever! Here is a video on handling old documents put out by the Folger Library with more info.

The volume itself appears to be bound in animal skin. It is mostly numbered in the corner; these numbers are called folios. From the images you provided, it seems like a small volume overall with some folios missing (or perhaps you didn’t photograph them). You might have noticed that these oaths were given before notaries who swore to the truth of the oath. A lot of the documents mention that a notary was present. You'll also see near the bottom of some of the pages that some people renounced their oaths before public notaries (e.g. folio 113). A lot of the marks you see on the pages are very standard for notarial documents: ink splotches, errors in transcriptions that have been scratched out and corrected, and smudges of still drying ink. As you have noticed, these documents, like most colonial documents, follow a pattern. They follow the basic structure of documents/records created by certain government or religious bodies. That way a scribe or official can scan the document quickly to figure out what is going on. Keep in mind, this was before they used printing presses widely, so these are basically handwritten forms that a scribe or notary is filling out. Basically: "This guy did this thing in front of me. Signed by by me and these witnesses."

You’ll also notice a few things about Spanish paleography from the seventeenth century. Notice how the s’s and t’s run together in one sweeping motion. They were writing with a quill, so to read it, you have to kind of put yourself in the mindset of someone writing with that device back then. Additionally, you’ll notice that b’s are substituted for v’s, z’s for s’s for c’s are interchangeable, i’s for y’s and vice versa. This was ubiquitous at the time because the Spanish language was not standardized. Spellings and preferred letters varied from writer to writer. People didn’t use accents very often at this time. You’ll also see marks that look more like Portuguese than Spanish. That is because these languages were still evolving into the ones we know today. In a sense, those marks are evidence of a “shared common ancestor” language. You’ll also see a lot of abbreviations used by notaries and scribes at the time like nrs for nuestros, Fr for Fray. You might also see a small letter written as a superscript. This also indicates an abbreviation. For example, Fran with a superscript co for Francisco. All of these abbreviations are to save time on their transcriptions of the documents. Most notary documents would be copied several times. One copy would be kept in the notarial archive, and other copies would be shared with the parties. So at one point, this volume would have been bound into this volume and placed in an archive.

This volume does not appear to be anything special. These are just average, mundane documents that give a glimpse into these peoples’ lives. I actually think that these kinds of documents are the most interesting of all. You can read about the moment that someone committed to that order. For example, at the top of folio 53, it says “para serbir al conbento y si fuere menester ser cocinero” “To serve the convent and if it would be necessary to be a cook.” Pretty cool right? Just a normal guy who agreed to work at the convento to be a cook. I wouldn’t be surprised if this is the only thing about this guy’s life that has survived into the modern period. It may very well be the only evidence that exists that he once lived. Kind of puts life in perspective right?

For all you history fans out there, this is how the history books you read are written. Historians read mundane documents like these and try to find useful things from them about peoples’ lives. For example, someone might use these documents and analyze the religious imagery of the drawings to see what was important to these people. Or they might examine who was joining the convento and see what that says about the sociocultural make up of the order. Or they might be trying to connect different people in social networks, so these documents might show that this one person knew this other person. Most of the time, documents aren’t very interesting. They don’t tell crazy stories. They aren’t about battles or conflicts or struggles. They aren't about kings or generals or conquistadors. They are just boring, everyday, average bureaucratic forms that tell us very little. Historians then have to combine hundreds and hundreds of mundane documents like these to make just one history book. In the process, historians have to master foreign languages and develop paleography skills so they can read the documents. Then they have to spend years reading through volumes like this one looking for tiny slivers information. Then they write up what they find and publish it.

Anyway, back to your question. I tried to find some information about the individuals who signed their names at the bottom of many of the documents, but I wasn't able to find anything useful. Many of the names are Latinized or have older style spellings. Here are some of the names I transcribed that might be useful for you: Alfonso de Sotomayor, Francisco de Espinosa, Pedro de los Rios, Augustinus de Prado, Bernardo Perez, Joannes de Abreu, Sebastanus de Pastinana, Petrus Galindo, Agustinus Nuñes, Joannes Baras, Juanes de Espinossa, Rochus de Herrera, Joannes de la Cueba. (Joannes was probably Juan, Augustinus was probably Augustin, Petrus was probably Pedro, etc.)

I only saw two languages: Latin and Castilian. Where did you see the Catalan?

Where does it show the French catalog number? I didn’t see that here.

My other question: How did your family get this? Why does your family have it? Where did it come from? Is your family from Peru or from Europe? France? Italy? Rome? Spain? The origin of this volume matters because in order to figure out what location it is talking about, we want to know where it SHOULD be. It SHOULD be properly saved, protected, and open to the public in an archive, but which archive should it be in? Or perhaps a better question is where are all the other volumes from this monastery? Where is the volume of professions from the 1640s and the 1660s that should be sitting next to it on an archive bookshelf somewhere? Are they in the Archivo Mercedario de Lima? Are they in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville? Are they in Rome? If we could figure that out, we could find out a lot more about this document pretty quickly. Send me a PM if you're not comfortable sharing this info online.

Can you transcribe the part in the language you think is Catalan/Valencian? I speak the language skills I could confirm it.

What a cool-looking document!!! I’m in love with this sort of thing.