No, the walls of Jericho did not fall down in real life because in real life there were no walls. In fact, in the early thirteenth century BCE, which would have been the time of Joshua, there is no evidence that Jericho was inhabited as a city.

"...[T]he cities of Canaan were unfortified and there were no wall that could have come tumbling down. In the case of Jericho, there was no trace of a settlement of any kind in the thirteenth century BCE and the earlier late Bronze settlement, dating to the fourteenth century BCE was small and poor, almost insignificant and unfortified. There was also no sign of a destruction. Thus the famous scene of the Israelite forces marching around the walled town with the Arc of the Covenant, causing Jericho's mighty walls to collapse by the blowing of their war trumpet was, to put it simply, a romantic image."

-- The Bible Unearthed by Finkelstein and Silberman, Chapter 3