The FAQ has some questions and answers that might interest you:

• How strong/muscular were ancient warriors? Did they know enough about muscle growth to be the same build as many athletes/bodybuilders now? When did humans start becoming adept at bodybuilding? has some interesting answers, particularly from /u/vonadler and /u/talondearg
• /u/Thrasyboulus answered the question Did spartan warriors "work out" in the sense that athletes do today? What did they do?
• /u/iphikrates answered the question Gym rat here. How ripped did ancient Greeks get?

Those questions tend to relate more to warriors/soldiers as opposed to "normal" people, but it seems there's some general info that should relate to your question. There's always room for more answers though, especially since the most recent of those answers is at least a year old.