Bow Poundage

by MrSnakedown

so if bows used in war had poundage that required training since childhood, what was the poundage of a bow used for hunting, since penetrating the skin of an animal with an arrow is most likely easier than whatever armor soldiers wore

WARitter

While you are waiting for a detailed answer, you might find this answer helpful, particularly the concluding comments from u/Hergrim

Hergrim

Saxton T. Pope tested a number of bows from around the world and found that they had draw weights ranging from 26lbs to 80lbs. Most of them are between 40lbs and 60lbs and have draw lengths of 22"-26". This means that the energy of the bows will be lower than an equivalent draw weight bow with a modern 28" draw or medieval 30" draw. Some may have energies of as low as 10j, but would have been used with poisoned arrows.

There is a caveat to Pope's tests: most of the bows were old museum pieces and may have dried out and, as a result, reduced the draw length and draw weight. C.A. Bergman, E. McEwen and R. Miller conducted a series of tests based on replicas of museum originals, made from the same materials, which do indicate that some of the bows might have had slightly higher draw weights and draw lengths. Of course, there is always going to be some variation in draw weight and draw length between bows, so Pope's bows may have been accurate.

In the Traditional Bowyer's Bible series, Al Herrin notes that modern Cherokee bows come in two lengths, five feet and six feet. The shorter bows mostly draw 45-55lbs, while the longer bows draw 60-80lbs. There is also a reference in the third volume to the Liangulu, an African tribe, hunting Elephants with bows of over a hundred pounds.

In practical terms, Pope his friend Arthur Young hunted bears with bows of 75lbs, though Young considered a bow with a 28" draw length and 50lb draw weight to be adequate for bear with sufficiently sharp broadheads. Pope also considered 60lbs to be appropriate for caribou.

My conclusion is that most hunting bows in history were somewhere between fifty and ninety pounds (allowing for a reduced draw weight in Pope's tests), with most being between fifty and seventy pounds. Draw lengths would generally be under 28", so energy can be assumed to be mostly under 40j.

References

A Study of Bows and Arrows, Hunting with the Bow & Arrow, by Saxton T. Pope

Experimental archery: projectile velocities and comparison of bow performances, by C.A. Bergman, E. McEwen and R. Miller

"Eastern Woodland Bows", by Al Herrin, The Traditional Bowyer's Bible, Vol 2

"African Archery", by David Tukara, The Traditional Bowyer's Bible Vol 3