Hi!

I'm not a full historian, but while you wait for a in-depth response, perhaps some related answers from past questions could help you started, I'll list them.

In short, if by 'peasant' you mean somebody, say, less than a landlord, and, by 'gun', you include various forms blackpowder weapons of different make, then the answer would be a qualified 'yes'.

Blackpowder weapons have been seen in Europe since well before your 19th century, all the way back to the fifteenth century, in fact.

Here's some related FAQ's that you might find useful. The link should include everything from the history of firearms in Europe, as well as its transition from an exotic tool to a common tool.

https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/faq/militaryhistory#wiki_weapons_development

In specific, since you're talking 19th century, this one might be particularly interesting.

https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/37pyoz/friday_freeforall_may_29_2015/crpeaam/

Cheers.

/u/Georgy_K_Zhukov