I learned recently about a modern day equivalent of one of the largest libraries in Asia in Sri Lanka being burned down by a mob during a civil war and that got me thinking were there any more great libraries like this.
There was the great Buddhist monastery at Nalanda, which doubled as a library of sorts. Xuanzang visited and spent much time there, and any surviving texts from the place are probably some of the few 100 he took with him to China-about a 1000 years after its construction, it was eventually ransacked and destroyed by the Delhi sultanate and subsequently abandoned.