A Ju-87 often carried an SC250 250kg general-purpose bomb, a little bit heavier than a US 500lb bomb. A 250kg bomb carries 130-160kg of explosive, whereas a 155mm artillery shell contains about 5kg. Bombs of this size have been recorded as knocking out tanks of all sizes including modern MBTs. Therefore, a Stuka, or any world war II aircraft that can carry a 500lb bomb could theoretically destroy any WWII tank.

A direct hit would probably totally destroy the tank and cause multiple fatalities to the crew, and a near miss would put the tank out of action and inflict some casualties. We have numerous photographs showing this.

But the real question, and one that is extremely controversial, is how often did this actually happen? Here we have no really good idea. As far as I know, there just isn't a really good statistical analysis on air attacks vs. tanks that has been published. Aviators often claimed huge, unverified totals of tanks (and trains, and other ground targets) destroyed. Real losses due to air attack were much smaller, but air attacks did break up formations and impede tactical mobility by armored formations.