In a word, no. The main historical sources for all of these battles are from the Sira/Maghazi literature, most notably the Sira of Ibn Ishaq/Ibn Hisham. As we currently have it this purports to be Ibn Hisham’s (d. 833) notes and edits to Ibn Ishaq’s (d. ~760s) text, the original of which is now lost. Either way, we’re talking about a history that is composed at least 100-150 years after the death of the prophet and is of even more questionable sourcing than the Hadith, which are likewise first written down circa 150 years later.

The closest thing we have to a contemporary documentary source for these early battles is the Quran itself. Q3:123-125, for instance, references the Batte of Badr and includes the intercession of the angels. Unfortunately the Quran is not a historical account. This reference to Badr is actually one of the few references to contemporary events and one of the few uses of a proper place name to occur in the entire text. And so it’s not really of much use to us.

Ultimately this gets to the root problem of early Islamic sources generally, which has been the great unsolved problem of early Islamic history for at least the past 100 years and has been brought into sharp focus in the past fifty especially.

For a general overview of the problem I’d encourage you to read Robert Hoyland’s essay Writing the Biography of the Prophet Muhammad: Problems and Solutions.