To clarify, are you asking how people created names for new objects? Or how they communicated with other people where there was no common language?

The latter gets asked quite often:
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4yzro8/at_the_point_of_contact_in_the_new_world_how_long/ , with answers by u/Tianmeihua
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ctmr2/how_did_de_soto_communicate_with_the/ by u/Reedstilt
https://np.reddit.com/r/badhistory/comments/2ryuks/myths_of_conquest_part_four_miscommunication/ by u/anthropology_nerd

If it's about naming inanimate objects, r/linguistics may also be able to help.