Here is a link to the 1701 original transcript of Captain Kidd’s piracy trial in the Old Bailey in England (starts on pdf page 9):

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/lawlib/law0001/2010/201000302205929/201000302205929.pdf

I was surprised at how much it is practically identical to a modern trial transcript.

Other proceedings from criminal trials at the Old Bailey are available online back to 1674:

https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/

Here is a direct link to the oldest “transcripts” from April 1674:

https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?name=16740429

The first trial there is of “the Villainous Acting of Thomas Mullinex , alias Weaver, who breaking into the House of Walter Carey Esq; claping a Pistol to his breast as he lay in his bed, and forced him to lie still, and caused his Lady to rise to shew the rest of his Comrades where her mony lay, with the manner of their taking.”

In the 1670s, they are just a summary of the proceedings, not like a modern word-for-word transcript.

Here is more information about the evolution from trial summaries to trial transcripts:

https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/Value.jsp#poplit

“Although most trials seem to have been reported, early editions provided only brief summaries of each trial, often in sensationalist or judgmental language. In the early eighteenth century the language became more sober and from 1712 some verbatim testimony was reported. This became common practice in the 1720s, facilitated by the use of shorthand note takers. Over the next few decades trial reports became lengthier and provided more detailed testimonies of prosecutors, witnesses, and defendants, and also began to report some judge’s comments and questions.”