In the bible, there seem to be a lot of lessons that would advocate you being liberal, politically. However, in America it seems like the vast majority of Christians are republican, and I was curious as to if there was precedent in history that created this apparent one sided weightfulness, or if there was a movement that occurred.
So I've found this: http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/party-affiliation/#belief-in-god-trend
Here, it appears that the majority of Christians are republican, at least within their party. I guess a better way of phrasing the question is "Why is it that Christianity dominates the republican party and not the others?"
First a little background. Early in the 20th Century there was a divide between "Fundamentalist Christians" and "Evangelical Christians". Those terms don't carry the same meaning that they do today, though.
Fundamentalist Christians were more insular, less concerned with the "world" and more about staying true to what they believed within their own communities. Evangelical Christians reacted against this insularity and wanted more engagement with the outside secular world. But keep in mind that this did not necessarily mean political engagement. More often it took the form of evangelism. Early examples include DL Moody and Billy Sunday. A more recent example is Billy Graham. One thing that they all had in common was a desire for public evangelism. Over time the Fundamentalist Christians started to lose ground to Evangelical Christians. By the time of the middle of the 20th century Christians were more comfortable with engaging with the world in evangelism, though not necessarily bringing their faith into political discussions.
The next key player to bring in here is Richard Nixon. The South and the Bible Belt voted solidly Democrat from the time of the civil war until Nixon came along. Many Southerners felt betrayed when Kennedy signed the 1964 Civil Rights act. (see uUnsealedMTG's correction below) His Vice President Lyndon Johnson, himself from Texas, said about this action that "we have lost the south for a generation."
When Nixon ran in 1968 he emphasized a return to "law and order". Everyone can get on board with that right? In the context of the day, however, it was a racially loaded idea. There were civil rights demonstrations happening nationwide. "Law and Order" was interpreted by many to mean soft opposition to civil rights. We now have documents and recordings from the Nixon administration that show this was exactly their intent.
Implied opposition to civil rights was enough to cause the South and the Bible Belt to switch to supporting Republican politics for the first time since the Civil War. Nixon had brought the Bible Belt and the South into the Republican Party. Many evangelical Christians came into the party through this route. It didn't hurt that Nixon was also able to leverage his friendship with Billy Graham to garner evangelical support.
Later on Ronald Reagan further consolidated the Republican Party's hold on evangelicals by emphasizing his personal faith. At the same time Jerry Falwell started the "Moral Majority". Falwell desired to mobilize evangelical Christians for the Republican party. Some key issues in this movement were abortion, sexual morality, prayer in schools, perceived attacks on the religious liberty of Christians, and conservative family values. Reagan and other Republicans were very willing to echo the same concerns in their campaigns. By the end of the eighties the Moral Majority had been dissolved, but the effects were still there. Republicans had learned that an emphasis on these issues would bring Evangelicals to the polls. Other organizations with similar goals and strategies are still around, one example being "Focus on the Family," founded by James Dobson.
One of my major sources for this is "With God on Our Side" by William Martin. Michelle Alexander's "New Jim Crow" also addresses much of it, although the focus of her book is slightly different.