In Spain, anarchism was a very powerful political force, being the most supported one among Catalonian factory workers and peasants in the rural south. They performed attacks on very important political figures (king Alfonso XIII and politician Canovas del Castillo, the father of the "restoration" system). The main reasons of its development in Spain, a country who was placed in a situation not very far from Russia (they were both in the outskirts of Europe, were profoundly rural, loosely industrialized and had little to no social reforms as their political systems were authoritarian , even though the Russian tsardom was more repressive), were the lack of a real political system which could help them to pass social reforms (as they had no representation they choose to go down the violent way), the fact that the majority of the population were peasants under the rule of great and noble landowners (which make them more likely to push for radical and collectivist reforms, the ones that the anarchism proposed), its tradition among a radical part of the intellectual class (Bakunin himself was Russian) and the lack of central authority and a unified culture (that make it more appealing to fight for a federation of free comunes). As im more familiar with the Spanish development of the workers rights movement I have tried to explain the anarchism in Russian through that way. Hope it helps you.