Is secondary school and university we are taught more and more about the dynasties of Europe such as the Tutors, Bourbons, Romanovs, Osmans, etc. But we always typically refer to the countries at the different points as the _______ Empire, be it British, French, Russian, German, Spanish, Dutch, etc. Why do we call for instance China the _______ Dynasty, such as Wei, Tang, Song, Ming, etc?
In fact, when I mentioned Osman it reminded me that we even do it sometimes with other parts of Asia too, not just the far east. Except for the Turks it's dynasty name and "Empire" like a mix of east and west. And popular names for it seem to change too, between Ottoman Empire or Seljuk Sultanate. Why not call it the Turkish Empire or the Ottoman Dynasty or Sultanate? Similarly going back to my original question, why do we not usually just say Chinese Empire or Hapsburg Dynasty? Or Khan Dynasty instead of Mongol Empire?
(I feel I should add that I may have a skewed understanding of what the layman terms for these are as I am going to university for a history degree and hear most of these often enough. For instance, perhaps "Chinese Empire" is more common than I understand it to be, though I know "Hohenzollern Dynasty" is not a popular alternative to "German Empire" for instance.)
I’d add that I think this is far from black and white. I’ve seen the dynastic imperial terms associated with China applied in a European context, e.g. the Angevin Empire, referring to the lands ruled under the early Angevin kings, a polity made up of separate entities (England, Normandy, Gascony, Maine, etc) or the lands ruled by the House of Habsburg (Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, etc) when referred to as the Habsburg Empire or Habsburg Monarchy. The Carolingian Empire is another example, various lands ruled by the Carolingian dynasty.