Which Europeans are most similar to the Pre-Neolithic Hunters and Gatherers? The Neolithic Farmers? The Yamnaya Steppe people who came during the Bronze Age?

by Ask_Everything

Which Europeans are most similar to the Pre-Neolithic Hunters and Gatherers? The Neolithic Farmers? The Yamnaya Steppe people who came during the Bronze Age?

I'm reading many contradictory things. For the PNHaG, I'm reading that the Scandinavians are from one study, but another study pegs the Basques as the most similar to the PNHaG.

When it comes to the NFs, I'm reading contradictory things as well. I heard that the Basques are very similar to them and so are the Sicilians/Sardianians.

Finally, for the Yamnaya Steppe people who spread IE languages, they contributed significantly to the Scandinavians who became fair skinned and tall because of their admixture. However, I've also read that the Scandinavians branch of IE is Germanic, and this language family is actually a bad example of an IE language. There are many hunter-gatherer words here. For example, "shrimp" is not an IE word, and it is from a pre-IE source. So on one hand, the Scandinavians have a high component of Yamnaya genes, but at the same time, they speak the least IE language as well. Please clarify this contradiction.

Vespertine

As this is a prehistory question, it may also be worth trying r/AskAnthropology

ReddJudicata

Genetically? Look at the top half of this. https://periklisdeligiannis.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/aaaaa.jpg

There are probably better data today. I can’t find the PCA that Reich always uses in his talks.