Many many people take Babel literally. If we have documents that pre date it in a language other than Hebrew, it would disprove it as fact. What documents / tablets / artefacts do we have, if any that do that?
The "tower of Babel" is a reference to the ziggurats of Mesopotamia. Temples on platforms have a very long history in Mesopotamia, but proper ziggurats were not constructed until the Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III period), ca. 2100-2000 BCE. Several languages were attested by this point, including Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Eblaite, Elamite, and Hurrian.
I wrote about the history of the Egyptian language in How much did hieroglyphics change over time? and the discovery of Sumerian and Akkadian in When did the modern understanding of the history of Bronze Age Mesopotamia develop?
There is also the contemporary and undeciphered Indus Valley script, which I wrote about in Why haven't we deciphered Indus Valley Civilization script yet or are we any closer?
