Tooze's Wages of Destruction comes first to mind, apropos anything WW2 German economy related, but I'm sure someone else might be able to recommend some other sources, as it seems it's actual metallurgical processes you're interested in. You might also take a look at the Yanagi missions, a series of trade/transport missions between Germany and Japan which focused on transport of critical, small quantity goods between the two powers.

In any case, I'll try to explain some you mentioned and additional ones :

Bauxite - Bauxite is the raw ore, mostly made up of aluminium hydroxide [ Al(OH)3 ], and has been and still is our main way of acquiring aluminium, which due to its reactivity isn't found in elementary form in nature. Bauxite is subjected to a complicated process of extraction, which culminates with the electrolytical 'bath' which separates elementary metal from its hydroxide anion and other dross; this is the main reason for the price of aluminium - it's directly affected by the price and availability of electrical power.

Magnesium - Magnesium, whilst elementary being a highly volatile element is used alongside aluminium to make the alloy duraluminium, which is what we usually colloquially call 'aluminium' when we talk about aeronautical engineering.

Tungsten - Tungsten is a very hard and dense metal, characteristics which make it indispensable in production of anti-tank projectiles. All WW2 era armour piercing shells had a hard cap made of tungsten in order to be able to penetrate steel armour. Its hardness and high melting point also make it indispensable in production of engine parts required to withstand large amounts of heat without material deformation, although this is a situation where molybednum is more commonly used.

Molybdenum - as mentioned above, important element for heat resistant alloys, mostly engine parts.

Tin - Numerous industrial applications, from simple as production of tin cans to being used in alloys.

Manganese, Chromium, Zinc, Lead - used as additives to steel. Also, important to note, zinc in alloy with copper makes brass. Brass and lead are practically the only metal materials used in small arms ammunition manufacture (bullets).

Rubber - This goes without saying, material important for production of tires, whether for trucks, airplane landing gear or even tank suspension return rollers ( most of the late war German tank suspension designs, like Panther and Tiger use interlocking metal wheels instead of the classic rubber return rollers used on PzIII and IV, in order to save material ). While we live in an age where rubber and rubber products are abundant, this wasn't the case 80 years ago; Germany made certain efforts to make artificial rubber, so called 'Buna' - IG Farben's Buna plant in Auschwitz is rather infamous in popular culture.

Opium, Quinine - used in medical industry. Opium is used for production of morphine as a pain killer. Quinine is also a natural anti-malarial agent, used in production of anti-malarial medication.

For proper understanding of Germany's WW2 industrial intricacies, including material deficiency within the context, I'd definitely recommend Adam Tooze's Wages of Destruction.