Why did the Holy Roman Empire only contain northern Italy, German principalities, and Austria (with a few other smaller areas)? How was it able to acquire those areas but not France, Spain, England, etc?

by Ranger1219
Allu_Squattinen

Sorry but there's several different time frames of the Holy Roman Empire so it might help to talk about what time period you're talking about...

That being said during the first Holy Roman Empire (circa 790 CE) France (or Francia) was well and truly a part of the HRE heartlands and the majority of Spain was held by a strong Moslem dynasty (the Ummayyads) holding them back from taking the peninsula like they had taken most of the post Roman continent. Southern Italy was held by the ERE at this time as well checking their advance east or south