At that point, there really wasn't anywhere in the world (or at least in the Christian world) where Jews had citizen's rights, besides Poland and the United States, which had just become a factor (though even there, in some states, Jews were unable to achieve public office for a time because they were not Christian). But technically, Jews WERE emancipated during the French Revolution, though not wholeheartedly.
For a very long time, to be a real citizen of a country in a Christian world was to be of that nation's religion, at least in part. The idea of modern nationalism is really quite new. So to be a "citizen" (still a new term) meant more to be of a particular religious/ethnic group. For hundreds of years, Jewish communities were considered to be outside that group.
Generally, Jewish communities were settled by the privilege of the local ruler. On the one hand, this meant that they were outside the typical feudal system, which some saw as being good for the Jews- they answered directly to the local ruler and weren't serfs. But on the other hand, Jews could be expelled from a country or city-state on its ruler's whim. In fact, there was a very typical pattern in which Jewish communities would travel from place to place, expelled from one and immediately beseeching the next for entry. Often, they were both brought in and kicked out for the same reason- money. They were brought in as they were seen as businessmen who could help bring prosperity to the places where they lived, as well as provide loans to the rulers and noblemen of their towns- but once the leaders owed too large sums to the Jews they immediately expelled them and canceled all debts.
Later on, some countries allowed Jews in on a somewhat more steady basis. Famous are communities in the Netherlands and Poland, which thrived- and in the case of Poland, it actually encouraged Jews fleeing the Black Death and its resulting pogroms to emigrate there, and can even be considered the first country to emancipate its Jews- though in fact it could be said that the Jews never had any inequality to be emancipated from. By the mid 1650s Jews were living openly in England as well, despite having been expelled in 1290- and what was interesting there was that there was never a formal declaration allowing them back in, but rather the existence of open Jews in England was simply tacitly recognized. On the one hand, one could say that this meant that the ban wasn't formally rescinded- but on the other hand, it meant that there was no new declaration or treaty to place conditions on the Jewish community there.
But one thing that no country had was the emancipation of the Jews, giving them equality under the law with the rest of the residents of their countries. The first country to be established with the de facto assumption that the Jews were equal citizens, with no need for emancipation, was of course the United States. The fact that its constitution declared freedom of religion meant that emancipation was somewhat automatic. On a federal level, Jews had all the rights of their Christian fellow citizens. This was brand new and essentially unprecedented- as of course was so much about the United States at that point.
The first European country to outright emancipate its Jews was actually France. Part of this did take place during the Revolution- while originally the Declaration of the Rights of Man was interpreted as not including Jews, as they were (as they had been for hundreds of years) not considered to be part of the host country, there was eventually a back and forth. Should they emancipate all Jews in keeping with the spirit of revolution? Should they only emancipate the "Frenchified" Sefardic Jews and not the more alien Ashkenazic Jews? Were Jews emancipatable? In the end there was this general emancipation but with a lot of misgivings and feelings of dual loyalty about the Jews, and a major condition/reasoning about their emancipation was that "perhaps if we emancipate them we will make them more civilized/like us." The idea was that, as the comte de Clermont Tonnerre put it, “The Jews should be denied everything as a nation, but granted everything as individuals.” These sentiments fit in with general campaigns toward Jewish emancipation going around during the era of the Enlightenment, as it was assumed that emancipation would allow the rehabilitation of Jews as members of society, with their so-called degrading status seen as the result of hundreds of years of suppression.
Napoleon went even further with the emancipation by passing several laws which gave Jews even more rights, as well as emancipating Jews in countries which he conquered- he abolished ghettoes, established a Jewish sanhedrin (rabbinical court), and established Judaism as a state religion in France. However, he later rolled back some of these reforms, and nearly destroyed France's Jewish community by nullifying all Christian debt to Jews. But the wave of emancipation had begun to wash over the rest of the world, and much of Europe, as well as many colonies and countries in other parts of the world, began to emancipate their Jews throughout the 1800s and 1900s. Jews were still seen as second class citizens- for example, in Jamaica and Barbados, Jews and black slaves were given the right to vote simultaneously even though Jews had long been slaveowners themselves, and though they were by outer appearances just like the Christians around them they never quite were accepted. However, with time, Jews were able to by and large achieve equity.