The connection between the defeat of the Mongols and the ongoing Pacific campaign was deliberate. The IJN called the first air unit deliberately set up for suicide attacks Shimpu Tokubetsu Kogekitai. The IJA used a slightly different title for its suicide units. Shimpu (sometimes spelled Shinpu) translated into "divine wind" and the ideogram could also be pronounced kamikaze. It was this alternative reading that American intelligence picked up and further popularized within the West. The Japanese themselves tended to eschew the divine wind descriptor for suicide attacks, and official communiques tended to use Tokko, an abbreviation of Tokubetsu Kogekitai, but meaning "special attack units." Tokko referred not only to aerial attacks, but a variety of suicide tactics such motorboats, manned torpedoes, tanks with contact charges, or infantry with charges. The divine wind was only one component of Japan's suicide attacks, but it was the most visible one.