My remit is pre-colonial and colonial Australia, so I won't be answering your question on a global scale, but most of the bread-and-butter of frontier conflict, colonialism and genocide is easily transferable to other non-European societies invaded in the times of European empire.

A summary, or TLDR though, for those who want it: Europeans dominated Aborignal Australians and many other colonised societies due to disease, economic warfare, divide and conquer strategies, food surpluses, more effective weaponry, picking small targets and general destruction of tradition and society.

European colonisation of Australia began on the 26th of January, 1788 with Governor Arthur Phillip founding Sydney in Port Jackson, NSW. At the time, the tribes of the Eora and Garrigal people lived in the area of modern Sydney. They relied on nearby water sources, used the bay for food, and had many sacred places as evidenced by modern heritage sites. The settler population of Sydney quickly claimed and fenced the most arable land and drinking water, cutting Aboriginals off from vital crops like yams and leaving them to desperately overuse other water supplies and relocate away from traditional food sources. They also restricted fishing rights, over-hunted wildlife and banned bush burns out of fear of attacks on their settlement - burning was a scientific means of land management for most Aboriginal peoples, that prevented bushfires and enabled easy travel and diversity/fertility of agriculture, and was vital for hunting animals.

On top of this, these first settlers brought Eurasian diseases like measles, small pox and chickenpox, which swept through large areas of the continent like a plague via Aboriginal trade routes, ceremonies or refugees. It was so devastating that in 1813 when explorers first crossed the Blue Mountains, they found signs of dead tribes everywhere, wiped out by disease without ever having had contact with Europeans.

Aboriginal society was highly ritualised - most actions had some kind of sacred connotation. They travelled the land using oral maps, called songlines, which were disrupted by European settlements or farmsteads they weren't allowed to access. They had ancient tribal rules on where to travel and what to eat at what times of year, to maintain a strictly sustainable environment - being cut off from resources not only put them in danger of starvation and thirst, it was a greatly distressing political and spiritual disaster. The plains cultivated by fire proved perfect for the raising of livestock, who traveled ahead of settlers destroying crops and water supplies - attempts to kill these foreign beasts led to further retaliation from white settlers, and war.

Aboriginal weapons, although deadly against one another, were often less lethal to Europeans thanks to clothing, medicine and the simplicity of the wound - Arthur Phillip was ritually speared in the shoulder and essentially shrugged it off. In comparison, musket balls broke bones and shattered inside bodies, making them difficult to treat, especially in a mobile, dirty warfare setting. Unlike inter-tribal disputes, diplomacy with the British was practically impossible due to cultural misunderstandings, like the British belief that Aboriginals were nomads with no attachment to land, or that they all shared the same customs. This meant that disputes couldn't be settled in traditional ways, like hostage-taking or execution of guilty parties, meaning Aboriginals were stuck in a dilemma - throw away 50,000 years of tradition, or respect the sacred wisdom handed down by their ancestors. Europeans would say they chose poorly.

One of the common criticisms of Aboriginal warfare by modern white Australians is the lack of coalition against settler invasion, but this is an incredibly disingenuous position - how united was European resistance of Nazi Germany? Aboriginal Australia had an enormous diversity of languages and cultures, across a vast and varied geography, true nations, which had only barely begun to emerge in Europe by 1788. European empires preferred picking away at smaller polities, piece by piece - compare the conquest of hundreds of princely Indian or Indonesian states to the relative respect given to imperial China or shogunate Japan. The geography, isolation and sustainable economic model of Aboriginal Australia led to smaller nations that were easier to dominate by an imperial power.

To their credit, the British authorities didn't so much 'pursue' war as they were 'pushed' into it by settlers. Fear and greed were rampant, as was belief in the 'civilising mission' (White Man's Burden), and led to pressure against authorities to 'deal' with local tribes. If this didn't work, settlers were not afraid to fight themselves - more deaths can be attributed to settler or police violence than British garrisons. These massacres of tribes were often reported as heroic 'battles against the savages', but it often included shooting unarmed women and children, accidentally or intentionally. They were often aided by Aboriginal trackers, individuals who provided knowledge of how to travel the land, eat its food and think like an Aboriginal tribe - most came from defeated or hostile tribes, and were in it simply for food.

An example of most of these elements at work would be the most infamous of these settler-spurred massacres, the 'Black War', or the Tasmanian/Van Deimonian War. The settlers of Tasmania, many of them veterans of the Napoleonic Wars, formed a human line across most of the enormous rugged island and tried to trap or kill any Aboriginal they came across. Although this action was mostly unsuccessful, starvation, continued guerrilla warfare and disease led to the deceitfully negotiated surrender of the last Tasmanian Aboriginals, who were transferred as prisoners to a small barren island where the remainder died of disease. Truganini was the last fully Tasmanian Aboriginal, and died in 1876.

Sources:

-The Story of Australia's People: Rise and Fall of Ancient Australia, by Geoffrey Blainey, which is pretty much a one-stop shop for this subject.

- Vandemonian War: The Secret History of Britain’s Tasmanian Invasion, by Nick Brodie, all about frontier war in Tasmania.

- Dark Emu, by Bruce Pascoe, a great book that explores elements of Aboriginals culture that are intentionally forgotten by white society, so as to make Aboriginals more savage than they were.

- Australian Frontier Wars, 1788-1838, by John Connor, which talks about individual battles and massacres across Australia

- A Military History of Australia, by Jeffrey Grey, also has a decent chapter on the interaction between the British colonial garrisons and Aboriginal Australia.