First off, the USSR formed as a result of WWI; the October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power was in 1917 and the USSR was officially declared in 1922. Secondly, no single book is going to cover everything. The USSR had a complex history that is difficult to distill down in one book. UIUC's Russian history prelim reading list dropbox imparts some idea of the scale of literature out there on the USSR. And for all of its ribbing of liberal arts (deserved or otherwise), there's an XKCD for this.

That said, here are some recommendations. One of the more common textbooks for the USSR is the second edition of Ronald Grigor Suny's The Soviet Experiment which is a comprehensive survey of the USSR. Stephen Lovell's The Soviet Union: A Very Short Introduction answers Megan/Randall Monroe's question of how historians cope by fitting Soviet history into analytical lenses to make it more manageable, in this case the paradoxes of Soviet society and the state. The second edition of The First Socialist Society: A History of the Soviet Union from Within by Geoffrey Hosking is a slightly older textbook, but a readable one. Finally, if you want a history of the late imperial period through to Stalin, then Theodore Weeks's Across the Revolutionary Divide is useful and at times quite witty textbook on the ruptures and continuities of this period.