There are many noteworthy differences but most come down to Calvinists being stricter (as they are more radical) and Lutherans laxer (as they are more conservative). Methodists, Presbyterians and Reformed, for example, were some of the biggest advocates for the Prohibition of alcohol in America, while Lutherans and Catholics were strongly opposed.

The difference may be seen most clearly in their churches, as Lutheran churches will often have stained glass, paintings, crucifixes etc. (as Luther wasn't iconoclastic) while their Calvinist counterparts are consistently plain, austere and devoid of images. This austerity has carried over into culture as well, with Calvinism promoting seriousness, thrift, hard work and business (as can still be seen strongly in Dutch, Swiss and American culture). Calvin himself was an early supporter of democracy, which would influence the creation of the Genevan and Dutch Republics as well as Puritan New England, while Luther supported monarchy and the divine right of kings (though there were Calvinist kings as well).

Lutherans were historically more tolerant of folk beliefs and practices (though not nearly to the extent that Catholics were) so this may be part of why Lutheran countries like Germany, Scandinavia, Finland, Latvia and Estonia have more in the way of extant folklore and ancient traditions than Calvinist-influenced ones like the Netherlands and America. In Scotland and New England, for example, even Christmas was never widely celebrated until well into the 20th century on account of it being a "pagan festival."

But these distinctions are muddled somewhat by Calvinism having seeped into Lutheranism over the centuries (and to some degree vice versa), resulting in the hybrid Evangelical Church of Germany, the Protestant Church of the Netherlands and Pietism, which heavily influenced the culture of Scandinavia, as can be seen in their plain, austere style of architecture and dress.