Unfortunately, both the popular history and popular/academic crossover history market are pretty dominated by white male-friendly topics (military history; sweeping environmental or economy-based grand narratives; biographies of Great White Men). Here's a few that I happen to think hit the sweet spot of "pretty solid from a historian's standpoint, not requiring background, and as entertaining as the rest of good pop history to read."

• Darlene Clark Hine and Kathleen Thompson, A Shining Thread of Hope: A History of Black Women in America - what it says on the tin. Hine is one of the absolute top scholars in the field, and this is a good introductory overview

• Lillian Faderman, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America - one of the first real investigations of lesbian history, and still one of the most readable. (There is much, MUCH less research on queer women than men, and trans history is barely getting started). There are some awkward moments involving race and class when Faderman is willing to read her sources at face value instead of critically.

• Charles Mann, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas - The Americas before Columbus. An entertaining and thought-provoking, highly readable history/journalism crossover book.

• Ruth Mazo Karras, Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing Unto Others - includes plenty about Dead White Dudes, of course, but it's excellent as an introduction to sexuality and gender studies (which can help with other reading!), and certainly discusses women plenty as well as how/when we can talk about homosexuality/homosexual sex in the Middle Ages

• Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration - the "Great Migration" is the exodus of millions of black Americans from the Jim Crow South to the north and west from World War I through the 1960s. Wilkerson is a former Pulitzer Prize winner for journalism, so you know the book will be smooth and clear to read

• Lael Morgan, Wanton Women: Madams, Money, Murder, and the Wild Women of Montana's Frontier - the screenshot seemed a bit damp on women cowboys (but oh boy is there a massive bibliography on the history of women competitors in rodeo...), so I thought I'd include at least one book on women in the U.S. West to balance it out :)

Hopefully this gives you some places to start!

I won't overwhelm you with stuff about women in Japanese history, but I recommend a fairly short open-access 17 page lecture: Rediscovering Women in Tokugawa Japan by Yutaka Yabuta which examines this issue in a Japanese context. Yabuta begins:

According to a survey of history textbooks in Japanese high schools, the period in which the fewest women appear is the Edo period. Two women who often appear are Izumo no okuni, the female founder of kabuki, and the princess Kazunomiya (1846-77). One is from the Azuchi Momoyama era that in fact predates Edo times, and the other from the very end of the Edo period. In fact no women at all appear in the greater part of the Edo period. If we accept as true the Chinese proverb, "Women hold up half the sky," the omission of women from Edo-period history is an abnormal state of affairs.

Yabuta talks about the boom in studying Edo Period women's history, and gives an overview of some of these interesting studies by Japanese and Western academics, but he adds that aside from learning about their roles, there's another very important question to answer:

"How and why did women of the Edo period disappear?"

Some of the answers to that question are surprising. There was discrimination and erasure of women in the Edo Period itself, but it was often social and educational reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries who propagated the wholesale erasure of Edo Period women. They painted their country's past as primitive and ignorant, and their female ancestors as completely downtrodden and voiceless, in contrast to their own modern reforming activities. This only reinforced popular history about samurai and other great men and their wars as the only important part of history.

Linda Nochlin's "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" is a really good place to start even if you don't care about art history.

As an aside to OP's request for further literature, would anyone be able to dissect the Tumblr screenshot and its veracity? I'm curious about the assertions therein, but there aren't really any sources provided within the Tumblr posts themselves. I suppose I'm just wondering if it's reasonable to take these particular claims at face value, or if they exhibit some measure of second-option bias.