Why did the great leap forward fail to industrialise China unlike Stalin's five year plan which succeeded in industrialising the Soviet union?

I cant speak on the Great Leap Forward myself since i have not really gotten to much into Chinese history, since its a rather daunting task specifically with thousands of years of history to cover. The Soviet Union however i have spent years studying. The Soviet Union or USSR or Soviets (which ill refer to it as one of those two from here on out) was more or less economically isolated from its inception until the Second World War. Unlike the Chinese which detailed by /u/waqfhdhaalhara the Soviets were more organized in this process in every way. The Chinese were coming out of a civil war and were a new Communist government that were riding on the coattails of their victory over the KMT. The Soviets on the other hand were battered, and had suffered a rather humiliating defeat in Poland during the Polish-Soviet war. This in some arguments shaped the need for the Soviet Unions industrialization.

The Five Year plans were drafted in 1928 under the direction and tutelage of Stalin. The Five year plans were drafted in a short range scope but with long term goals in mind and were built up rather than soviet law of industrial production, but more a guideline for the expansion of the USSR's industry. Using a sophisticated system the Soviets would plan the direction in which they wished the economy to go such as "Production of Agricultural product" or "Production of Steel" and would gear a five year plan towards filling the hole which existed.

Since were talking about the initial Five Year Plans or (FYP's) the Soviets by the late 20's and early 30's traded relatively little with the outside world in comparison to their actual economic strength. This meant that any and all needs of the people had to be filled by the Soviet government and while some exceptions existed in minor cases at this point, the Soviets with their centralized planning via the Politburo were able to achieve astonishing and quick success in turning the USSR into an Industrial powerhouse. The Plans themselves went through some major planning phases and through many ministries and departments. It would go through the lower planning ministries which had detailed the status of the regional and local economies and needs, would look at the communist enterprises which existed and detail their needs and wants, and then would head up to the Supreme Administrative body for this the "Gosplan" which then evaluated all of this and then restructured and redrafted the plan as needed and then it was off.

Stalin had addressed the major issues facing the young Soviet Union in 1927-28. Stalin was paranoid, believing a Western invasion to occur at any moment much like the Russian revolution occupations of Russian territory by Western powers. The Soviet Union skipped the expanding capital base of a Light Industry sector and jumped straight into addressing the unrest caused by the Famines and relatively exposed position the country was in. Advocating Socialism in one country and faced by many external threats, many imagined, many real. With many Soviet citizens attempting to escape the country side he was able to exploit this. Factories would be built and he had a ready and able population flocking to industrial centers which sought out work. This in turn saw these beleaguered peoples standard of living increase rather drastically which would effectively create a large feedback loop which was virtually limitless for the time period. With Millions upon Millions of people to draw from, and a multitude of plans considered Stalin was under no threat of further internal issues as he had addressed the concerns of the People of their standard of living, and somewhat the Famines which ravaged the country. Holodomor is a whole different monster as it was specifically engineered.

The Soviets initial focus in its industrial expansion was Steel, lots and lots of steel. There were huge advancements in its domestic metallurgy, as well as Chemicals and Consumer goods industries. Needing self sufficiency the Soviets with their sophisticated top down central planning system, and need to play catch up with its industry effectively went from an Agrarian and semi industrial backwater to a leading industrial power. There were some consequences as revealed by archives released following Perestroika and the Fall of the Soviet Union detailed, the FYP's while extremely successful.. were definitely at the cost of human lives and well being. Wages sunk to roughly 1/10th of their 1926 levels by 1933. While this industrialization was gained at a steep price i believe a comedian said it. "anything can be accomplished if you throw enough human blood and suffering behind it". Stalin effectively transformed the nation in short order and with such an insulated economy the Soviet industry was in prime position to grow. It had virtually no competition and without outside competition the Soviet peoples effectively had to buy Soviet consumer products. This fed back into the system which further grew it but that i think can be considered beyond the scope of the first five year plan.

I hope i answered your question.

Edit: Will Provide Sources upon Request. I have a few.