This is the story, from Cutless, manufacturer of rubber propeller shaft bearings: “Cutless bearing technology advanced significantly during the Second World War when during the battle for the Coral Sea reverberations from explosions in the water hardened the rubber in Cutless bearings. Battleship propeller shafts locked up solid. Battlewagons went dead in the water. Once back in drydock at Pearl Harbor rigid rubber was soon replaced by the more resilient nitrile rubber.”
I am immediately skeptical when I see them claiming that "battleship propeller shafts" were affected, since there weren't, in fact, any battleships at the Coral Sea, on either side. It was a carrier battle, with the heaviest gun-platforms present being cruisers. Moreover, neither of the two capital ships on the American side, Lexington and Yorktown, were "dead in the water" at any point, although both were heavily damaged, Lexington to the point that the Americans scuttled it - but due to fire, not loss of propulsion.
Lundstrom’s Black Shoe Cartier Admiral covers Coral Sea in quite a bit of detail, and makes no mention of this problem. I doubt it actually happened.
There was a US carrier with propulsion issues off of Guadalcanal. I think it was Wasp but I’m going from memory and may be incorrect. Those issues weren’t caused by explosions though.
Edit: I looked it up, Wasp suffered a turbine casualty on her way to Guadalcanal. The propellor shaft bearings were fine.