The English name for Germany is... well, Germany. I know that Julius Ceasar (not sure if it was him though) 'invented' the term Germans and just threw together all the tribes from that area. Like this he created one big enemy he would be allowed to fight ('defend') against. The French and Spanish call Germany Allemagne/Alemania, which comes from the Alemanni, and the Germans themselves say Deutschland from, I guess, the Teutons.
I don't know if there are other examples, but my question is this:
Did every country/kingdom just randomly choose one of the German tribes and named this whole area after them or is there a deeper reason for the different names?
More can be said on the subject, but you may find this thread from a year ago helpful. Particularly top comment by u/BaldwinVI, reply by u/UseHerNom, as well as separate comments by u/Feasinde and u/rusoved. Additionally you may want to try asking on other, more language related subs, such as r/linguistics or r/etymology.