Why would the Tsars invest so many resources into expanding east, and why didn’t powers like China or Persia try and control these areas?
More can be written on this. As for the "how" part, yesterday I compiled some links to previous posts in 'How did Russia become so "big" in terms of controlled landmass?'
This is not to discourage discussion, especially to answer the "why" question. Further questions, data, and debate are always welcome.